Third time is a Charm Essay Example For Students

Third chance for the win Charm Essay Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Hurston is described according to a dark lady named Janie. Janie was raised in the age when blacks where free, yet she was still under a social law acquired from her family which kept her bound. Janies grandma and her initial two spouses smother her into a cover and it was not until she met her third husband Tea Cake, that she had the option to split free and fly away like a butterfly. Janies grandma had lived in the hour of servitude, raising her under severe traditions, in which people were not equivalent. Under her grandmas direction, Janie was required to wed exclusively dependent on a custom that is subject to a man to accommodate the lady. As of now, Janie didn't plan to wed, yet her grandma needed to safeguard Janies security and advised her, Taint Logan Killicks Ah needs you to have, infant, its insurance (Hurston 15). Janies grandma would at any rate pass on, realizing her granddaughter is with a man who could accommodate her. Janies gra ndma verifiably says, Neither would you be able to remain solitary without anyone else Ah got tuh attempt to accomplish for you befo mah head is cold(15), demonstrating a push to make Janie reliant on a man . We will compose a custom paper on Third chance will be the one Charm explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Janie battles to locate some indication of affection from her new spouse Logan, however doesn't discover love where love ought to be; all she finds is frigidity and a husband who needs accommodation from his significant other. It was Logans aim to form his new spouse and told Janie, Thought Ahd take and make somethin outa yuh (30), affirming an endeavor to make her accommodating and by telling her how he feels about her job in the marriage when he says, You aint got no specific spot. Its any place Ah need yuh(31). All Logan anticipates from Janie is acquiescence. Logan anticipates that her should stop what she is doing to support him, notwithstanding if Janie accepts in the event that it is her place or not. Involvement with an uneven marriage, convinces Janie to investigate an alternate course in her freedom.After Logan needed Janie to work like a man, she meets her future second spouse, Joe Starks and flees with him to get hitched. Joe is a dark man, brimming with desire and of dic tator ways, yet Janie doesn't understand this until after he clears her off to another town.Joe smothers Janie so much that she felt as though, She was a groove in the roadPlenty of life underneath the surface yet it was held thumped by the wheels(76). Despite the fact that Janie was moving toward her forties later on in her marriage, she despite everything was youthful for her age and life was going to be smothered. Each possibility Joe had, he would keep Janie from being a piece of life, he kept her shut up in a case and ensured she knew her place under him. Joe got various opportunities as the civic chairman of a little dark network, to let Janie communicate as a lady in governmental issues. As the city hall leaders spouse, Janie ought to be permitted to give her view to the general population, since she was an open figure. Joe would not permit this to occur as he clarified why when he told the town, yet mah spouse dont know nothing session no discourse makin Shes uh lady and her place is in de home (43). Janie would have preferred a decision to deliver a discourse, yet Joe represented her. In spite of the fact that Joe gave her material solaces, Janie never didn't hesitate to do things she delighted in clarifying, however Jody wouldnt low me tuh. When Ah wasnt in de store he needed me tuh jes sit wid collapsed hands and sit dere(112). Janie was secured away Joes world and he kept the key. Joe gave a solace of living to Janie, however she looked for a solace of brain; which Joe couldn't give, on account of his domineering and possessive mentality towards her. Following Joe Starks demise, Janies world changed drastically for the great when she met her third spouse, Tea Cake. He didn't have a lot to offer Janie with respect to material things, however he offered her opportunity to communicate. The initial barely any occasions Tea Cake visited Janie; he instructed her to play checkers. Janie was quickly intrigued with him and the opportunity to play a keeps an eye on game, she before long let him into her heart. Tea Cake opened Janies casing and let her out by letting her do things she was always unable to do as of not long ago. They angled, chased, moved and did different exercises Janie had never had the chance to do. Janie had been with Tea Cake for a long time, when they encountered a typhoon, and Janie gathers under the foul climate conditions, Its such huge numbers of individuals never observed de light. Ok wuz fumblin round and God opened de door(159). Janie was disclosing to her significant other, that considering the present situation of conceivable demise, she had the option to see the light, which God had outfitted her with an Angel of a spouse and she was happy with him. Following quite a long while of concealment by her grandma and two spouses, Janie was very nearly discouragement, however Janie had the option to start another existence with Tea Cake. He brought the best out of Janie by leaving her alone free. Significantly after Tea Cake passed on, he was not dead to Janie. Obviously he was wasnt dead. He would never be dead until she herself had completed the process of feeling and thinking(193).It was Tea Cake who tore open her cover to allow her fly to free. Bibliography:Works CitedHurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: HarperPerennial, 1998.

Space Essay Research Paper Evolution a process free essay sample

Space Essay, Research Paper Advancement, a methodology of change through clasp, is the thing that joins together the huge assorted variety of the existence universe. A group of grounds is available that demonstrates that the Earth has had a truly long history and that every living thing emerged in the class of that history from prior, increasingly less complex signifiers. At the end of the day, all species have dropped from different species and all life things divide normal ascendants in the days of old. Fundamentally, creatures are what they are a direct result of their history. Today there are numerous hypotheses and conceivable outcomes identified with advancement which add to our dread of the technique. Our planet was brought into the world 4.6 billion mature ages prior as an incredible dust storm and gas dense into a circle. As attraction pulled this extraordinary cloud firmly together, heat from incredible power per unit territory and radiation softened the planet? s inside and the vast majority of its m ass. We will compose a custom article test on Space Essay Research Paper Evolution a procedure or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For 1000000s of mature ages after this, solid volcanic action everywhere throughout the planet shook the Earth? s outside layer. At a similar clasp, the Earth was showered by an extremely solid meteor shower. From breaking down vents, it is realized that ejections spill out C dioxide, N, and different gases. It is other than realized that shooting stars convey H2O, in the signifier of ice, and numerous C joining mixes. That may suggest that the mix of volcanic movement and an invariable shower of shooting stars discharged the gases that made the Earth? s climate. Geologists accept that the Earth? s early climate contained H2O fume, C monoxide, C dioxide, H, and N. It other than may hold contained ammonium hydroxide and methane. It did non consolidate O, which is the central ground why the Earth could non hold bolstered life. With respect to seas, they couldn? Ts have existed at premier on the grounds that the Earth? s surface was exceptionally hot. Be that as it may, about 3.8 billio n mature ages back, the Earth? s surface cooled bounty for H2O to remain a fluid on the land. Tempests wet the planet for some mature ages and seas started to make full. This is known in light of the fact that the soonest sedimentary stones have been dated to that cut period. Mill operator and Urey were two researchers who endeavored to explain the start of life on Earth without referencing to any extraordinary occasions. They played out an investigation that recommends how the Earth? s air may hold shaped. Mill operator arranged # 8220 ; climatic # 8221 ; gases ( H, methane, ammonium hydroxide, and H2O fume ) in an unfertile glass holder and accused them of vitality by adding electric gleams to them. The electric glints looked like lightning at the clasp of the Earth? s development. After about a hebdomad, the blend turned earthy colored and was found to consolidate aminic acids. This natural compound delivered in this analysis was proficient in cognizing how the Earth? s early air framed. That is on the grounds that it was effective in bring forthing a portion of the building squares of nucleic acids under geographically applicable conditions. A request that astounded researchers was the manner by which could this have begun in the main topographic point. It is noticed that aminic acids and nucleic acids adhere to the developments of mud precious stones. By being held together in a customary structure on earth precious stones, these particles consolidate to arrange proteins and polynucleotides. Other research laborers non that a few sorts of RNA can fall in aminic acids into protein ironss without help from protein compounds. A few signifiers of RNA can duplicate themselves and can truly redact different RNAs by including and dropping bases. These tests bolster another theory that RNA, rather than DNA, worked as life? s first data stockpiling framework. Blending to this theory, life dependent on RNA have begun when RNA sections started to duplicate and redac t themselves and amass proteins. As clasp passed, these RNAs could hold advanced to where they created protein catalysts that assumed control over crafted by passing on about substance responses. In this way, hive awaying familial data could hold moreover been given to DNA. As such, over 1000s of mature ages, RNA, DNA, and proteins could hold advanced into the unpredictable framework that portrays life today. Recognizing that RNA can move as a quickening agent, makes it simpler to imagine how life started. Fitting to Bruce M. Alberts, # 8220 ; One presumes that a significant early occasion was the advancement of a RNA atom that could catalyze its ain generation # 8221 ; . That makes it extremely clear why it is conceivable that RNA was the main atom that could retroflex. These particles so enhanced into a gathering of quickening agents that could piece ribonucleotides in RNA union or move up lipid-like atoms to compose the principal cell films. This unmistakably recommend how the ma in films could hold shaped. Fox and his associates endeavored to happen an answer, to the start of layers and procaryotes, in their exploration labs. They warmed amino acids without H2O and shaped long protein ironss. As H2O was included and the blend chilled off, little microspheres were framed. These appeared to move up specific mixes inside them. They other than pulled in lipoids and shaped a lipid-protein bed around them, as referenced previously. Expecting that the microspheres joined with self-recreating atoms, we are taking a gander at an extremely antiquated being. This is the thing that may hold happened 3.8 billion mature ages back as the principal layers and procaryotes were arranging. With respect to eucaryotic cells, blending to Lynn Margulis? s theory, they emerged based on what is known as a symbiont relationship. Lynn Margulis accepted that mitochondra were initially free procaryotic aerophilic people, populating on a symbiont relationship with another procaryote. Th e aerophilic procaryote was encased by the microbes? s cell surface layer in the system of endocytosis, which is made simple by the nonattendance of a cell divider in the microbes. The aerophilic procaryote wasn? T processed however kept on working inside the other cell. The host cell got vitality that the aerophilic procaryote discharged. The chondriosome that was sorting out had all that it needed, taking it from its host. A comparable methodology happened in this way with the host cell and photosynthetic procaryotes. This grounds clarifies the cooperative hypothesis for the start of the four Eukaryotic terrains, which are the Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck had his ain proposition of improvement. It was non genuinely acknowledged in light of the fact that his grounds, which was non truly persuading, was non truly back uping. Fitting to his conviction, improvement should deliver # 8220 ; higher # 8221 ; creatures, with human presences at its defini tive end. Lamarck? s hypothesis included legacy of procured highlights, planning that a being? s way of life could pass on about adjustments that it gave to its descendants. A representation would be the way that Lamarck trusts Giraffes have long cervixs in light of the fact that their ascendants extended their cervixs in light of the fact that their ascendants extended their cervixs to shop on the foliages ; and that this expansion long was given to wining coevalss. This appeared to be outlandish in light of the fact that individuals had been cutting off dress suits of numerous Canis familiariss yet they neer brought about an offspring conceived without a tail for that equivalent ground. Along these lines, Lamarck? s thought can non be correct, predominantly in light of the fact that these modifications do non sway the familial stuff. Change occurs in familial stuff only when games are included. In 1858, Charles Darwin presented a hypothesis of improvement that is acknowledged by p retty much all researchers today. His hypothesis areas that all species developed from a couple of regular ascendants by characteristic decision. Another British researcher, Alfred Wallace, presented a vague hypothesis at about a similar clasp. In any case, Darwin? s hypothesis was better evolved and progressively celebrated. Darwin? s and Wallace? s develop depended on five premises: 1 ) there is stableness in the technique of proliferation 2 ) in many species, the figure of creatures that develop, endure, and replicate is little contrasted with the figure abdominal muscle initio delivered 3 ) in any populace, there are changes that are non created by the earth and some are inheritable 4 ) which single tungsten sick develop and repeat and which won't are resolved to a critical degree by the association between these possibility varieties and the earth 5) given sufficient opportunity, normal determination prompts the collection of changes that separate gatherings of living being from another. Darwin?s hypothesis of characteristic choice is actually the procedure of nature that outcomes in the most fit creatures delivering posterity. There has been test proof for this procedure, endeavoring to demonstrate it right. Darwin saw that wild creatures and plants indicated varieties similarly as tamed creatures and plants did. He filled his scratch pad with records of tallness, weight, shading, paw size, tail length, and different attributes among individuals from similar species. He likewise saw that high birthrates and a deficiency of life?s necessities constrained life forms into a consistent â€Å"struggle for existence,† both against the earth and against one another. Plant stems develop tall looking for daylight, plant roots develop profound into the dirt looking for water and supplements. All that proof is the thing that upheld Darwin?s hypothesis about normal determination. Peppered moths give a case of regular choice in real life. Peppered moths invest the greater part of their energy laying on the bark of oak trees. In the start of the nineteenth century, the storage compartment of most peppered moths in England were light earthy colored dotted with green. There were constantly a couple of dim shaded moths around, however light hued moths were the most widely recognized. At that point, the Industrial Revol

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading On May 21, 2015

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading On May 21, 2015 In this  feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading  this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in  literally  today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? I’ve included the link that will take you to their author archives (meaning, that magical place that organizes what they’ve written for the site). Gird your loins â€" this list combined with all of those archived posts will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Rachel Smalter Hall Nimona by Noelle Stevenson: stumbled on this full-length deadpan graphic novel after finishing (and loving) Stevenson’s Lumberjanes. “I’M A SHARK!” (Paperback, library) Big Little Lies by Liane Moriarty: what started as a hilarious satire about parenting in suburban Australia got rull dark, rull fast. The audiobook narrator is phenomenal. (Audio) The Fishermen by Chigozie Obioma: it was finally my turn on the library holds list! (Hardcover, library) Liberty Hardy Let Me Tell You: New Stories, Essays, and Other Writings by Shirley Jackson: Excited doesn’t even begin to cover how I feel about “new” writing from one of the country’s greatest writers. If you haven’t read We Have Always Lived in the Castle, do so right now. (e-galley) Undermajordomo Minor by Patrick deWitt: The Sisters Brothers is one of my favorite books, so I squealed like a crazy person when I received this, his follow-up, which sounds completely insane. (galley) The Nakeds by Lisa Glatt: Reading this at the recommendation of a friend. It’s about a hit-and-run accident and the unforeseen consequences that affect everyone involved.  (Hardcover) Under a Painted Sky by Stacy Lee: I don’t know anything about this book, but I grabbed it when I saw it at the library, simply because so many of my fellow Rioters have raved about it.  (Hardcover) E.H. Kern S by J.J. Abrams and Doug Dorst: This book has been on my shelf for a while. I’m about halfway through after having to start over to figure out how the book is structured. It’s not a book to be read in a reclining position because it’s jampacked with actual postcards, letters, and photographs, and if any of those fall from their place you lose clues to the story. (Hardcover) Amanda Nelson The Republic of Imagination: America in Three Books by Azar Nafisi. Been thinking a lot about what makes a book or author the Great American Novel/ist since Harold Bloom’s boring, absurd, predictably racist list of the 12 best American writers came out. Ended up at this book. (Audio) Graceling by Kristin Cashore. Was in the mood for fantasy with a badass female lead. (Paperback) Shadowshaper by Daniel Jose Older (June 30, Arthur A. Levine Books). Because Older’s weird, fantastical Brooklyn is always a great place to visit. Also, that cover. Tasha Brandstatter A Case of Possession by KJ Charles: Charles is my new go-to author when I need something fun to read. (ebook) The Melody Lingers On by Mary Higgins Clark: For a Bookspan book report. (eARC) Stolen Idols by E. Phillips Oppenheim: Filling out my collection of Oppenheim novels with this new release from Librivox. (audiobook) Karina Glaser The Boundless by by Kenneth Oppel: The first chapter of this middle grade book opens with a theft, a tight-rope walker, a boy artist, a luxury train, an avalanche, multiple deaths, and a golden railroad spike. How could I resist? (Library Hardcover) The Dumpling Days by Grace Lin: Ms. Lin is an exceptional artist and illustrator, and I love this memoir-ish middle grade book that recounts her family’s trip to Taiwan when she was a young girl. I’m reading this with my daughter, and we are finding so many connections from our recent visit to China. (Library Hardcover) Strings Attached: One Tough Teacher and the Gift of Great Expectations by Joanne Lipman: I’m always interested in memoirs by amateur and professional musicians, and this one was on my friend’s TBR list and it caught my eye. I’m a few chapters in and so far it’s a great read. (Library Hardcover) Kelly Jensen Making Pretty by Corey Ann Haydu: I’ve really enjoyed all of Haydu’s novels, and this one explores the ideas of what is/isn’t “pretty,” as well as the bonds of sisterhood. (Print ARC) Missoula by Jon Krakauer: I like Krakauer’s work, and I’m so curious how he handles the topic of rape and sexual assault. I’ve seen some really solid reviews from great reviewers, so despite knowing it’ll be a tough read, I’m looking forward to spending time with it. (Purchased hardcover the only book by a white guy I’ll buy this year) Eric Smith Strange Skies by Kristi Helvig: With her debut novel Burn Out, Kristi Helvig wrote one of my favorite YA novels of 2014. I’ve been eagerly awaiting the sequel, which just came out last month. After holing herself away on the dying Earth, with a promise to guard the terrible weapons her father regretted creating for the government, Tora is whisked away by a band of mercenaries. The stakes are even higher now, with the possibility of her father being alive, and his secrets at risk of being exposed. Helvig writes amazing sci-fi, and I’m psyched to take some time to finish this one. (Print) Deadly Design by Debra Dockter: I just started flipping through this one, a sci-fi novel about genetically engineered twins… born two years apart? Suddenly, genetically engineered kids start dying at 18, and when the oldest twin dies first… the other goes on a quest to find out what’s happening. (Print Advance) Jeanette Solomon Fates and Furies by Lauren Groff: because I love her dark and beautiful imagination and turns of phrase. (egalley) A Darker Shade of Magic by V. E. Schwab: I mean, really. Alternate 19th-century Londons and magic. SOLD. Well, not really: (library) Danika Ellis The Land  by Mildred D. Taylor: This was a gift from a booktuber when I said that I planned to read all PoC authors this year, and I’m really enjoying it so far. I want to follow it up with Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry, because it looks like a great one to recommend to customers. Sarah McCarry Lose Your Mother by Saidiya Hartman: I’m halfway through Hartman’s journey along a slave route in Ghana as she comes to terms with the effects of slavery on African, American, and her own personal history, and this book is already changing the way I look at the world. Devastating, beautifully written, and extraordinary. Jesse Doogan The Accidental Tourist by Anne Tyler: I have this problem where I tend to decide what a book is about based on the cover and title and then I get kinda mad when I am wrong. This book is not about an actual accidental tourist. No one means to get on an aeroplane to visit their inlaws in Kansas and whoops they end up in Paris for some zany adventures. WHICH IS FINE, I GUESS. It’s mostly a thoughtful little book about a midlife crisis. WHICH IS FINE. (Audiobook) Bee Puppycat Vol 1 by Natasha Allegri: This is a completely adorable trade of a comic that is based on a web series that was Kickstarted funded last year. It’s about a 20-something girl who is consistently out of work until she and puppycat (who is magic? I guess?) start doing magical temp work. It’s weird, but it’s great. (Paperback) Ellison Langford Good Time Girls of the Alaska-Yukon Gold Rush: Secret History of the Far North by Lael Morgan: At the tail-end of the 19th century, thousands of women braved the icy mountain passages and iceberg-clogged ocean crossings to venture to the gold fields of the Yukon. Not to mine the earth, but to mine the miners- staking their fortunes as husband-hunters, entertainers, and prostitutes. Morgan says in the acknowledgments that her friends thought she would never actually write this book, because she enjoyed the research too much. She spent three decades on it. There doesn’t seem to be much of an overarching plot or theme, and the profiles rarely last for more than several pages, but if chapter after chapter of vignettes about women raising hell and making their own way during the height of the Victorian era is your idea of striking it rich, then this book is a bonanza. James Crossley Verbivoracious Festschrift Vol. 3: The Syllabus ed. by G.N. Forester and M.J. Nicholls: Got hepped to this essay collection on Twitter and ordered myself a copy. Oh man, what a table of contents. 100 fresh takes on 100 of the most innovative experimental writers of the last hundred yearsCalvino, Nabokov, Barthelme, sure, but also Alexander Theroux, Lydia Davis, Nicola Barker, Lucy Ellmann, David Markson, Christine Brooke-Rose … My TBR list just got a lot longer. (Paperback) Johann Thorsson When We Were Animals by Joshua Gaylord. This tells the story of Lumen, a teenage girl who grows up in a town where teenagers “breach” upon reaching puberty and go on a rampage of sorts when the moon is full. They run naked through the streets and fight and have sex. Lumen, however, claims that she won’t breach, that she is immune to whatever it is that causes the teenagers to go mad. Interesting take on the madness and chaos of puberty from the writer that gave us The Reapers Are the Angels (as Alden Bell). Dreams of Shreds and Tatters by Amanda Downum. I am literally just a few pages in but this promises to be a nightmarish Lovecraftian story. I like those. The prose seems dense, for lack of a better word, and I wonder if I will love it or hate it by the time I’m done with the book. Kim Ukura A God in Ruins by Kate Atkinson: I’m just starting this book, which lots of people have raved about. A copy just arrived for me from our local library, so I’m excited to dive in. (Hardcover) Nikki Steele Yes Please by Amy Poehler: Audio on Scribd!! (Basically, I’ve been meaning to read and now it’s basically free monies, so I got on that.) (audiobook) Getting Things Done  by David Allen: I’m reading this one in short bursts because that last thing I’ve been wanting to think about recently is revamping my to-do list. (paperback) Aram Mrjoian War of the Encyclopaedists by Christopher Robinson and Gavin Kovite: ARC I got a couple months ago that I’m finally getting around to. Milk Bar Lifeby Christina Tosi: Trying to up my cookie and nacho game real hard. (Hardcover) Jessica Tripler The Preacher’s Promise (Home to Milford College Book 1) by Piper Huguley: not my usual jam, this is an inspirational African American romance set in Reconstruction era Georgia, where Oberlin graduate Amanda Stewart hopes to work as a teacher of freed slaves but finds the town’s mayor/preacher/blacksmith less than enthused. Really enjoying the unusual (for a historical romance) setting. (ebook) The Girl With All The Gifts by M. R. Carey, narrated by Finty Williams: As per usual, I’m way behind everyone on this one. Yes it’s another zombie book, but no it’s really not. I can’t stop listening, even when making dinner, which I do not recommend. (audiobook) Andi Miller Lost on Planet China by J. Maarten Troost: One of my favorite writers of travel books, Troost, hasn’t disappointed me yet. I loved The Sex Lives of Cannibals and Getting Stoned with Savages, and so far Planet China has me firmly in its grasp. I’ve long been fascinated with China, and learning more about everyday life there and its quirks has been a lot of fun. (ebook) Rah Carter Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling: I’ve been in a bit of reading slump lately, and have turned to Harry Potter to help get me out of it. I’ve probably reread this one a dozen times already, but it still fills me with joy and inspiration every time, so I’m gonna keep reading it. Rachel Manwill The Signature of All Things by Elizabeth Gilbert: I’m so very late on this (I’m reading a print galley of this from 2013, for goodness sake), but I was dying for a good meaty historical novel while I was on vacation and this is completely fitting the bill. I haven’t read anything quite like it in a long time. (galley) David Abrams The Collected Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald: Stewart O’Nan’s terrific biographical novel of Fitzgerald, West of Sunset, led me down a rabbit trail to this massive collection of stories which span FSF’s career. Though I’ve always liked Fitzgerald for his novels, I feel like I’m rediscovering him with this book. I’m now busily building a new pedestal for him to stand on. (Paperback) Rebecca Joines Schinsky Tiny Pretty Things by Sona Chairapotra and Dhonielle Clayton: Who can resist a book set in an elite Manhattan ballet school and pitched as a combination of Black Swan and Pretty Little Liars? Not me, thats for sure. As for  Me… Big Little Lies  by Liane Moriarty: After having a friend tell me this was like Mean Girls for mommies (and then asking around the Book Riot channels and finding that many particularly liked this Moriarty book), Im giving it a go. What Rachel said above is true it gets pretty real quite quickly. Still, Im enjoying the satire and the making fun of how competitive we humans can be about a.n.y.t.h.i.n.g and e.v.e.r.y.t.h.i.n.g! ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves. Save

Intelligence Is An Important Factor - 2095 Words

Intelligence can determines what classes you take, what jobs you get, your level of education, your type of lifestyle, your future and etc.†¦ Intelligence is an important factor in our lives but what exactly is it? Intelligence has many different meanings due to different investigators having numerous definitions of it. For example, in a 1921 conference, American psychologists Lewis M. Terman and Edward L. Thorndike contrasted over the definition of intelligence, Terman believed that intelligence was the ability to think abstractly while Thorndike alleged that intelligence was learning and the ability to give good responses to questions (Sternberg, 2014). Overtime, psychologists have been able to come up with a general meaning, which is†¦show more content†¦These dispute first initiated in 1865 with an English scientist, Francis Galton who began studying the correlation on hereditary and success (Behavioral Neuroscience Web Ring Macalester College). Convinced, based o n his evidence, that success and other abilities were mostly based on hereditary factors, he deduced that â€Å"intelligence must be bred and not trained† (Wilderdom, 2005). He then opposed those who believed in the environmental effects on intelligence (Behavioral Neuroscience Web Ring Macalester College). For centuries, this debate had no clear conclusion but many theories and hypothesis. Although both the nature and nurture side has find great amount of evidence, it is still undecided which side has more effects in one’s intelligence. First, the theory about how genes can affect your intelligence can be tested thanks to the birth of monozygotic or identical twins born from the same cell (Behavioral neuroscience Web Ring Macalester College). Because children share 50% of their genes with each of their parents, this then becomes an interesting area of research because they could compare monozygotic twins who share 100 percent of their genes. This is good because they both obtained 50% of their parents genes plus they are identical twins so this gives a great window to research. In

Personal Identity, By John Locke - 1169 Words

There are many questions surrounding personal identity: whether it consists in consciousness, whether we are just a soul or a mind and are we only who we can remember being? Locke claims that our personal identity is found in our identity of consciousness, yet can this be true if a person can change bodies, or one mind can be inhabited by various persons? In this essay, I will first be looking at Locke’s account of personal identity and how he comes to the conclusion that personal identity consists over time. From this, I will then counter-argue Locke’s ideas with Thomas Reid’s discussion on the transitivity of identity, and how Locke’s argument of how consciousness makes the same person over time is inconsistent. In response to Reid’s†¦show more content†¦Locke does note that consciousness can be lost in forgetfulness and that in this case, it is unjust to hold one accountable in the present for an action done in the past where consciousne ss was and still is unavailable. This is because reward and punishment are not attached to the man, but to the person. An understanding of the foul-fold distinction helps us to understand this idea further. The four parts to this are: the material substance (the body), the living human being (the man), the thinking substance (the soul) and the person. If consciousness is lost, then the thinking substance (the soul) remains the same, but the person is different. Consciousness is the criteria for personal identity as it is this that extends to past or future actions, ensuring the same personal self and providing the identity. Thomas Reid’s Response Reid argued that Locke was mistaken and that his ideas led to a contradiction. Locke’s theory states that for someone to be the same person over time, they must possess consciousness; the person remembering and the one remembered are one and the same person. This idea can be laid out in the format: A=B, B=C, therefore A=C by logic. However, A equalling C may not in fact occur. This can be represented in the followingShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Personal Identity1224 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke states that personal identity is a matter of physiological continuity that is based on the consciousness of a person rather than the individual’s body. Personal identity is constituted by memory connections; specifically the depiction of autobiographical memory connections that result in constituting personal identity. John Locke states that a person’s personality and psychology can be transferred to another body and that individual can still stay the same person bec ause the consciousnessRead MoreJohn Locke on Personal Identity906 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween them. What is it for A and B to be the same person. That is the issue of person identity. For example what is it for me to be the same person now and when I was a baby. Is that justified to be the same person? Why? How? Locke more or less invented this topic. 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Critical Analysis of the Integrated Marketing Communications in the UK Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, product marketing and ways through which communication takes place between manufacturers and consumers has changed tremendously (Belch Belch 2004). Due to the technological revolutions and the rise of innovations such as the mobile phones and the internet, control over information has shifted apparently from the manufacturer’s hands to the hands of consumers (Belch Belch 2004). The market environment has also changed due to globalization of marketing strategies, loss of confidence in mass media advertising, increased reliance on targeted communication methods, and media fragmentation and so on (Belch Belch 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of the Integrated Marketing Communications in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now Given the changing market environment, the need for more efficient and cost effective marketing strategies has induced changes to the way marketers conduct their marketing activities and led to the adoption of more integrated approaches (Dewhirst Davis, 2005). The consequence has been the adoption of a more holistic customer oriented approach to conducting marketing communication activities, a process often known as Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) (Dewhirst Davis, 2005). IMC CONCEPT A vast number of studies have made attempts to define the term Integrated Marketing Communications. One of the most succinct and widely accepted definitions of the IMC concept is that defined by the American Association of Advertising agencies (AAAA). That is, â€Å"a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of variety of communications disciplines (for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations) and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency and maximum communications impact† (Arnott Fitzgerald 1999: p.4). RATIONALE OF THE STUDY IMC has moved beyond simple communication to the use of promotional elements in a unified way in order to create a synergistic communication effect (Cornelissen 2001). It has become a powerful tool for developing and implementing marketing communications consistently and more effectively; and is certainly one of the most innovative marketing functions endorsed by advertising and marketing practitioners (Cornelissen 2001). Despite its continuing appeal, this concept has become a subject of great controversy with regard to its merits and validity. In the recent years, a controversy has emerged between the proponents and opponents of the IMC concept. While the proponents suggest that the concept represents a revolutionary way to organizing marketing efforts and enhancing the brand awareness, critics argue that the concept is simply a â€Å"pop management theory† without a solid theoretical base (Duncan, 2002). Others contend that the IMC concept suffers from ambiguity in its definition and practice (Eagle Kitchen 2000). It is thus the sole purpose of this analysis to critically explore on the IMC concept and its synergetic communication effects in relation to advertising strategy and planning in the UK. HISTORY OF THE IMC CONCEPT The origin of the IMC concept can be traced back to the 1990s when Prof. Don Schultz first introduced it at Northwestern University (Kitchen Schultz 1998). Back in the 1960s and 1970s, marketers relied primarily on the advertising agency for the development of all marketing communication activities (Kitchen Schultz 1998). In the recent years, two strands of change have however occurred. That is, the wider appreciation of techniques and the creation of specialist companies that deal with specific marketing communication areas (Dewhirst Davis 2005). As a result, there has been a progressive fragmentation of provisions in this field. Initially, there was an emergence of specialists in the various fields of marketing communications such as direct marketing, public relations, and sales promotion among others (Duncan Moriarty 1997). Today, there are various companies with the ability and expertise to advertise their brands using a wide range of communication medium (Dewhirst Davis 2005). As a result of the IMC concept, marketers are increasingly employing several devices which were once the domain of dedicated and specialist companies (Dewhirst Davis 2005). This concept has been embraced in practice by many companies not only due to the acquisitions and mergers which have resulted in consolidation of the advertising industry but also due to the synergies that have emerged from the integration of the various communication activities within the IMC framework (Dewhirst Davis 2005). LITERATURE REVIEW The IMC concept has also received greater attention in the academic sphere. Several academic journals have devoted space to explore on the deeper implications of IMC in advertising and planning (Low George 2000). These include: journal of marketing communications, journal of Advertising research and journal of Business research among others. Scholarly work on IMC, however, seems to be evolving from the limited view of effective coordination to a strategic process (Low George 2000). The depth and breadth of research in the field of IMC has also evolved since its initial inception in the late 1980s. A review of the various publications and scholarly work on IMC shows recurring themes, in particular, themes related to the definitional issues of the IMC concept and its theoretical development (Low George 2000). Several scholars have undertaken and sufficiently discussed on the IMC concept by providing more in-depth literature reviews, which will not be repeated here. Of particular interest is the work undertaken by Shultz et al., (1993). CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMC CONCEPT IN RELATION TO ADVERTISING AND PLANNING IN THE UK According to Shultz et al (1993), the IMC concept is based on a holistic view of marketing communications whereby brands capitalize synergies among advertising, public relations, direct response and sales promotion; and combines these communication disciplines to provide consistency, clarity and maximum communication impact. Each of these promotional elements plays a major role in marketing communications. Advertising: – due to its amplified expressiveness, persuasiveness and public presentation, advertising campaigns have become extremely important in creating awareness about the product, company or brand (Peltier, et al 1992). Sales promotion: – campaigns for sales promotions offers some kind of stimulus (free sample, discount etc.) and are more preferable in cases where new products are being launched (Hutton 1997). Public relations: – since public relations are characterized by high credibility, PR campaigns enjoy a high level of trust among the potential customers (Riley James 1991). Direct marketing: – this approach is based on databases that contain information of potential customers. Therefore, direct marketing offers greater opportunities to reaching the target audience (Peltier, et al 1992). As Shultz et al (1993) asserts; the coordination of these promotional activities is necessary to deliver a clear, consistent and competitive message about the brand. It is important to recognize that consumers often combine information from various media. In order to prevent them from integrating this information inconsistently, marketers must take charge of this process so as to deliver clear and consistent information about the brand (Schultz, 1996). The overriding purpose of the IMC framework is managing all marketing activities that impact profits, sales and brand equity (Schultz, 1996). A good example in the UK can be seen with Wrigley Company which developed an integrated marketing communications program in January 1998 that brought with it tremendous effects in terms of the cost and time devoted to the campaign (Anon 2000: p.89). The program cost the company approximately 500,000 pounds in the first 18 months. The aim of the program was to persuade the dental profession to recommend the use of sugar free chewing gum by raising awareness of the role of saliva in dental health (Anon 2000: p.89). Among the promotional elements included in the program were advertising in the trade press, a quarterly magazine, a patient education action pack, posters and leaflets (Anon 2000: p.89). The results were amazing with about 73% of the dentists recommending sugar free gum to patients, up from 44% before the campaign (Anon 2000: p.89). This provides a good illustrative example of the synergetic effect of combining several communication instruments (advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations) in a solid integrated campaign. COMPARISON OF THE IMC MODEL TO THE STANDARD MODELS The main advantage with the IMC model over other models is that it provides for the joint effects or synergies which are generated by the orchestration of the multiple marketing activities discussed above (Duncan Everett 1993). The major difference between the IMC model and the standard models is that, unlike traditional marketing, the effectiveness of each activity depends entirely upon the other communication activities (Eagle Kitchen 2000). Also, while traditional marketing employs a â€Å"push† strategy whereby communications are designed to promote the firms products, the IMC model on the other hand employs both the â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† strategies by incorporating feedback from the customers so that the firm’s products and communications can be adjusted to meet the needs of the end user (Eagle Kitchen 2000). CONCLUSION Clearly, we have established that the major benefits of the IMC framework is its ability to create synergies among the various marketing communications disciplines and to combine these disciplines to provide clarity and consistency of the set of messages conveyed to target audiences. It therefore follows that, in order for firms in the UK to remain successful in the competitive environment, they must adapt to this new approach to marketing. All marketing communications must be designed from the view point of the customer and interwoven together in a manner that forms a coherent whole. Undoubtedly, the integrated planning and implementation of the various communications mediums is far more effective in achieving maximum communications impact than their separate usage. (1, 569 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2000. Some aspect of measuring integrated marketing communications. In: Economics and organization, p. 89 Arnott, D., and M. Fitzgerald, 1999. Marketing communications classics: An international collection of classic and contemporary papers, Thomson Learning Belch, G. E., M.A. Belch, 2004. Advertising and promotion: An integrated Marketing communications perspective. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Cornelissen, J. P., 2001. Integrated marketing communications and the language of market development. International Journal of Advertising, vol. 20(4), pp.483-499. Cornelissen, J. P., A.R. Lock, 2000. Theoretical concept or management fashionExamining the significance of IMC. Journal of Advertising Research. Vol. 40(5), pp.7-15. Dewhirst, T., B. Davis, 2005. Brand strategy and integrated marketing communication (IMC). Journal of Advertising, Vol. 34(4), pp.81-92. Duncan, T., 2002. IMC : Using advertising and promotion to build brands. New York: McGraw-Hill. Duncan, T., S.E. Everett, 1993. Client perceptions of integrated marketing communications. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 33(3), pp.30-39. Duncan, T., S. Moriarty, 1997. Driving brand value: Using integrated marketing communications to manage profitable stakeholder relationships. New York: McGraw- Hill. Eagle, L., P. Kitchen, 2000. IMC, brand communications, corporate cultures. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34(5), pp.667-686. Hutton, J. G., 1997. A study of brand equity in an organizational-buying context. Journal of Product Brand Management, Vol. 6(6), pp. 428-437. Kitchen, P. J., D.E. Schultz, 1998. IMC – a UK ad’ agency perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 14, pp. 465-485. Low S. George, 2000. Correlates of Integrated Marketing Communications. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 40, pp. 27-39. Peltier, et al., 1992. Direct Response Versus Image Advertising. Journal of Direct Marketing, Vol. 6 (1), pp.49-66. Reilly C. James, 1991. The Role of Integrated Marketing Communications in Brand Management, The Advertiser, Vol.1 (Fall), pp.32-35. Schultz, D. E., 1996. The inevitability of integrated communications. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 37, pp. 139-146. Schultz, D.E., et al., 1994. The new marketing paradigm: integrated marketing communications. NTC Business Books, pp. 105-156. How to cite Critical Analysis of the Integrated Marketing Communications in the UK, Essay examples

Thomas Nast- Political Cartoons Essay Example

Thomas Nast- Political Cartoons Paper In this paper, the idea that the middle class Americans were the pushing Orca behind the progressive, imperialistic, and socialist movements will be argued. This working-class, including the illiterate labor class and foreigners, were influenced more by the cartoons and engravings of Thomas Nasty than by the articles of journalists, newspaper publications, or the speeches of political leaders. From immediately after the Civil War to the beginning of the Progressive era, Annas drawings affected America politically and socially. Nasty, a German immigrant and perhaps one of Americas most well-known cartoonists, was one of these working- class men. During the Civil War, Nasty was known for Romantic, reminiscent wash drawings. These drawings portrayed the sentiment of people regarding the war. Also, they showed Annas Idealistic views about the objectives of the war. But as the war continued, Nasty matured politically and grew more policy-minded. The cause of the union came together more strongly with emancipation and equal citizenship. Nasty was able to portray the political and social meaning of the war better than words could express; he and many other middle class Americans became a national force during this time of American nationhood. Before Nasty began cartooning, his wood engravings showed American scenes from the Civil War to the turn of the century. He highlighted all of the major political processes, elections, and scandals in the government with his engravings. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Nast- Political Cartoons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Nast- Political Cartoons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Nast- Political Cartoons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The major issues that the American people faced after the war along with the corruption and power of political party machines and bosses was the unknown question of how the American government would resolve the political and social Issues that confronted freed Black men, Immigrants, the working- class, and corporate capitalists. Nasty and other working- class Americans came more politically aware during the Civil War. Supporting Lincoln policies of saving the Union and emancipating the slaves, Nasty had a strong appeal to a vision in which all races and ethnic groups would live together peacefully as American citizens. Nasty was committed to portraying the subtleties of the War to Americans. He drew his cartoons with great passion as he tried to show the immoralities of the American people towards Blacks, Indians, and Chinese immigrants. Politically, Nasty used his cartoons to help Abraham Lincoln win his presidential election in 1864. Since Nasty opposed both slavery and secession, he portrayed the President as a strong, brave and soft- spoken leader even though newspapers and magazines described him as a coward. Sing his talent and popularity to support Lincoln cause, Nasty drew Compromise with the South on September 3, 1804. The cartoon was widely circulated for use in President Lincoln campaign and it criticized the Democratic platform; Lincoln salad Tanat Nasty was ten Test recruiting sergeant nee Ana. (Paine 69) The Democrats portrayed the war as a failure, bashed emancipation, and advocated a cease- fire and negotiations with the Confederacy. Nasty, a strong Republican Party supporter, also helped Rutherford B. Hayes and Ulysses Grant to win their presidential elections. Once when asked who the foremost figure was in civic life to have emerged during the period of the Civil War, Grant said, l think, Thomas Nasty. He did as much as any one man could to preserve the Union and bring the war to an end. After Hayes had won his presidential election in 1876 against Samuel Tildes by a narrow margin, he commented that Nasty was the most powerful single- handed aid we had. When Nasty changed parties in the presidential election of 1884 to support Grover Cleveland with his work, Cleveland became the first Democratic president since 1856. After this election, Nasty became known as the president maker. America was full of subject matter for Nasty. Scandals were everywhere during the time in which the country was becoming an industrial nation. Railroads were spreading, factories were being built, and cities were fast becoming crowded with immigrants that supplied cheap labor. As America changed, middle class Americans strongly began to push forward progressive and socialist events. Their platforms consisted of ideas to throw out political corruption and political machines such as New Works Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall was an organization that had merged with the Democratic Party together with the Society of SST. Tammany and led city politics in New York City. Tammany Hall worked with the Mayors office to gather votes and place their leaders in important elections. In the same manner, the Republicans cooperated with the Union League Club in order to achieve the same goal. In 1860, William Tweed became the leader of Tammany Hall ND during this time the Tweed Ring played host to a series of reoccurring scandals; an estimated one hundred to two hundred million dollars were swindled from New York City. William Tweed became known as Boss Tweed all around America as he stole from the pockets of unsuspecting tax payers. Boss Tweed was so powerful that when Nasty began his campaign in Harpers Weekly against him, Harper Brothers lost their contract to provide New York schools with books because they refused to stop the circulation of Annas publications. Nasty also refused a five hundred thousand alular bribe to end his campaign. Nasty depicts Boss Tweeds quote, muff have the liberty of voting for anyone you please; but we have the liberty of counting in anyway we please, in Going Through the Form of Universal Suffrage. In The Brains, he drew a picture of Boss Tweed, but replaces his head with a bag of money, and the caption reads, Well, what are you going to do about it? Nasty also invented the term Tammany Tiger, as he portrayed a ferocious tiger poised proudly at the center of a huge coliseum. The tiger stands over slaughtered Columbia, the robed symbol of American liberty, and growl s defiantly at the viewer while an enormous crowd watches from the stands. He provoked Americans with these drawings in order to obtain their support in his attempt to overthrow the Tweed Ring. Soon afterwards the public outcry became unbearable and Boss Tweed is quoted as telling Nasty at one point, Lets stop those damned pictures. I dont care so much what the papers write about me- my constituents cant read, but damn it, they can see pictures. Boss Tweed was finally arrested and sentenced to 12 years in prison by the courts after his trial. It was mainly ten outcry AT ten American puddle Tanat Azalea Boss I weed. However, Tweed managed to escape from prison in less than a year with the help of his contacts and he fled to Spain disguised as an American sailor. He was caught by the Spanish police; they recognized him by Thomas Nasty drawings of Tweed that had been circulated throughout Europe. In the sasss, Nasty drew cartoons that attacked the Irish- Americans and Catholics, who were against progressivism because of their anti- black attitude, support for the Democratic Party, and because of their prominence in Boss Tweeds Tammany Hall. Not until President Woodrow Wilson did the Democratic Party have a progressive movement as part of their platform. After he had brought down the Tweed Ring, Nasty continued to fight against corruption as he depicted an angry Justice trampling over a snake- infested man representing inflation, lies, corruption, and fraud in The Duty of the Hour on April 1, 1876. After the assassination of President Lincoln in 1865, Andrew Johnson became President. Nasty used his artistic skill to fight against his policies. He stirred the emotions of the Northeastern American middle class as he drew a cartoon with President Johnson kicking out the Freedmans Bureau by means of his veto, with scattered Blacks coming out of it. Attempting to show Americans the crudeness of Johnson, Nasty drew Pardon Colombia, in which he shows Confederate politicians and generals applying for pardons, which would give them the right to vote and hold office. He contrasts them with a black Union soldier who has lost his leg and does not have the right to vote. Also, he drew Emancipation as he sought to link emancipation to patriotism with the cheering female figure of Columbia, an early symbol of the United States. Familiar to cost Americans, Nasty referred to his cartoons as Shakespearean plays as he tried to appeal the American middle class public to support his ideas. He was successful and in Reconstruction and How It Works, he portrayed Andrew Johnson as Ago and a black Union veteran as Othello. In another one of his Shakespearean referenced cartoons, Nasty shows Jeff Davis as Ago and Hiram Revels as the Moor. Revels became the first black senator and he occupied Jeff Davis seat. Nasty quotes, For that I do suspect the lusty moor hath leapt into my seat; the thought whereof doth like a poisonous mineral grew my inwards from Othello. When General Grant was held captive by Johnnys policies and a Supreme Court decision which called into question the authority of military trials for civilians when civil courts were open, Nasty depicted him as Prometheus. During the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, he parodied The Death of Caesar by portraying the Republican leaders conducting the trial in The Political of the Bogus Caesar. His cartoons of the new influx of Chinese immigrants show how they were mistreated when they came to America even though Chinese labor was the key to the building and completion of many railroads in the West. In The Comet of Chinese Labor, he shows the arrival of the strike- busting Chinese people. Pacific Chivalry portrays a California ruffian whipping and pulling the hair of John Chainman, who was the symbol of the Chinese immigrants that had come to America, and The Chinese Question shows Columbia defending John China man from American attacks. In 1874, Nasty shows men drinking with a skeleton at a bar; this anti-alcohol cartoon was called, The Bar of Destruction. He drew these cartoons in order to help middle class Americans understand the intricacies of the overspent, realize their own wrongdoings, and to take initiative with the progressive, socialist, Ana Imperialistic movements America Ana Racine Its crescendo as far as becoming an imperialistic nation and Annas cartoons of Uncle Sam influenced the minds of Americans toward that direction even more. Uncle Cams Thanksgiving Dinner marks the highpoint of Annas Reconstruction idealism. He drew this on November 20, 1869. It shows Uncle Sam and Columbia hosting all the people of the world who had been attached to the United States by its promise of self- government and democracy. Cartoons of Uncle Sam influenced Americans to allow the U. S. Government to make some imperialistic moves in Latin America. Earlier in 1885, Nasty shows the more powerful countries fighting for territory in the weaker countries in his cartoon, The Worlds Plunderers. A few decades after this picture World War I was taking place in Europe and posters of Uncle Sam influenced Americans to go to war for the sake of their country. In World War II, Uncle Sam posters circulated all around America as many volunteers were recruited to go fight in the battle lines alongside the allied soldiers. Nasty popularized the elephant as the symbol of the Republican Party and the donkey as the symbol of the Democratic Party; a staunch Republican, he liked the elephant as a symbol of his own party because it had been known as an animal for its dignity, strength, and intelligence since as far back as Roman times. The donkey had appeared as a symbol for the Democratic Party in the asses when Andrew Jackson was President; Nasty used his skill to enhance and popularize it. Socially, Annas most famous achievement is most likely his Christmas Drawings. In 1862, his Christmas drawings marked the first appearance of the Santa Claus we all know today. To most Americans, Santa was known as a more religious-type figure before Nasty depicted him as a citizen of the world. Because Santa Claus home was the North Pole, he did not belong to any one country. The idea that Santa had a workshop and elves to help him also came about from the works of Nasty. In Santa Claus in Camp depicts blue- caped soldiers waiting for Santa to give them their gifts. Nasty was inspired to produce seventy six Christmas engravings over the next twenty four years. Nasty put it all into visual form: a sleigh, minder, Jolly old elves, filling the stockings hung by the chimney, and so forth. By the late sasss when Annas Santa Claus gained popularity, Christmas day was legally established as December 25 in all states and territories in the United States. This concept of Christmas and the holidays brought families and people closer together as they took breaks from their Jobs and went on vacations or spent time with their families. Christmas also began the move to commercial and economic interests. Stores began including drawings of Santa in their ads and tying it with Christmas sales and promotions. It is hard to tell what Christmas and the customs that go along with it would be like today without Annas Christmas drawings. Nasty influenced America greatly in both the social and political aspects of American life. His engravings and cartoons influenced the American working class by challenging them to stand against the Establishment in order to preserve their interests. His cartoons helped America to realize the extent that progressive and socialist movements had on the contemporary issues far more than writings or speeches did.